Arquivo Hosts: O que é, para que serve e como utilizar.
Overview
Bem-vindo ao fascinante mundo dos arquivos Hosts - aquele pequeno arquivo com um grande impacto em como navegamos na internet. Desde a sua origem, passando pela sua finalidade até chegar na sua localização nos mais diversos sistemas operacionais, vamos explorar como esse simples arquivo de texto pode fazer uma grande diferença, facilitando o redirecionamento de domínios locais ou até mesmo bloqueando o acesso a certos websites indesejados. Vem comigo nessa jornada pelos bastidores da web!
Hosts é um arquivo texto do sistema operacional que mapeia hostnames e endereços IP. Originalmente chamado de HOSTS.TXT, mantido e disponibilizado manualmente Stanford Research Institute. Atualmente, este arquivo é disponibilizado em juntamente com o sistema operacional.
Basicamente, o Hosts serve para redirecionar domínios locais e bloquear o acesso a recursos na internet.
Locais
| Sistema Operacional | Versões | Localização |
|---|---|---|
| Unix, Unix-like, POSIX | /etc/hosts | |
| Microsoft Windows | 3.1 | %WinDir%\HOSTS |
| Microsoft Windows | 95, 98, ME | %WinDir%\hosts |
| Microsoft Windows | NT, 2000, XP, 2003, Vista, 2008, 7, 2012, 8, 10 | %SystemRoot%\System32\drivers\etc\hosts |
| Windows Mobile, Windows Phone | Registry: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Comm\Tcpip\Hosts | |
| Apple Macintosh | 9 e anteriores | Preferências ou Pasta de Sistema |
| Apple Macintosh | Mac OS X 10.0–10.1.5 | Adicionado através do NetInfo ou niload |
| Apple Macintosh | Mac OS X 10.2 e superiores | /etc/hosts (um link simbólico que aponta para /private/etc/hosts) |
| Novell NetWare | SYS:etc\hosts | |
| OS/2 & eComStation | “bootdrive”:\mptn\etc\ | |
| Symbian | Symbian OS 6.1–9.0 | C:\system\data\hosts |
| Symbian | Symbian OS 9.1+ | C:\private\10000882\hosts |
| MorphOS | NetStack | ENVARC:sys/net/hosts |
| AmigaOS | 4 | DEVS:Internet/hosts |
| AROS | ENVARC:AROSTCP/db/hosts | |
| Android | /etc/hosts (um link simbólico apontando para /system/etc/hosts) | |
| iOS | iOS 2.0 and newer | /etc/hosts (um link simbólico apontando para /private/etc/hosts) |
| TOPS-20 | HOSTS.TXT | |
| Plan 9 | /lib/ndb/hosts | |
| BeOS | /boot/beos/etc/hosts | |
| Haiku | /boot/common/settings/network/hosts | |
| OpenVMS | UCX | UCX$HOST |
| OpenVMS | TCPware | TCPIP$HOST |
| 3.7, 5 | !Boot.Resources.!Internet.files.Hosts | |
| RISC OS | sequencia de inicialização | !Boot.Choices.Hardware.Disabled.Internet.Files.Hosts |
Exemplos
- Hosts Original do Windows
# Copyright (c) 1993-2006 Microsoft Corp.
#
# This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows.
#
# This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each
# entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should
# be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name.
# The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one
# space.
#
# Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual
# lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol.
#
# For example:
#
# 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server
# 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host
# localhost name resolution is handle within DNS itself.
# 127.0.0.1 localhost
# ::1 localhost
- Hosts bloqueando Adobe e Techsmish (Atenção, se você utilizar isso, seus softwares não vão funcionar corretamente)
# Copyright (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp.
#
# This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows.
#
# This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each
# entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should
# be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name.
# The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one
# space.
#
# Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual
# lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol.
#
# For example:
#
# 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server
# 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host
# localhost name resolution is handled within DNS itself.
# 127.0.0.1 localhost
# ::1 localhost
#Adobe Blocker
127.0.0.1 na1r.services.adobe.com
127.0.0.1 hlrcv.stage.adobe.com
127.0.0.1 lmlicenses.wip4.adobe.com
127.0.0.1 lm.licenses.adobe.com
127.0.0.1 activate.adobe.com
127.0.0.1 practivate.adobe.com
#Techsmith blocker
127.0.0.1 activation.cloud.techsmith.com
127.0.0.1 oscount.techsmith.com
127.0.0.1 updater.techsmith.com
127.0.0.1 camtasiatudi.techsmith.com
127.0.0.1 tsccloud.cloudapp.net
127.0.0.1 assets.cloud.techsmith.com
- Hosts desnecessariamente grande, bloqueando um monte de sites de propagandas
# Copyright (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp.
#
# This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows.
#
# This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each
# entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should
# be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name.
# The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one
# space.
#
# Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual
# lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol.
#
# For example:
#
# 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server
# 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host
# localhost name resolution is handled within DNS itself.
# 127.0.0.1 localhost
# ::1 localhost
#Adobe Blocker
127.0.0.1 na1r.services.adobe.com
127.0.0.1 hlrcv.stage.adobe.com
127.0.0.1 lmlicenses.wip4.adobe.com
127.0.0.1 lm.licenses.adobe.com
127.0.0.1 activate.adobe.com
127.0.0.1 practivate.adobe.com
#Techsmith blocker
127.0.0.1 activation.cloud.techsmith.com
127.0.0.1 oscount.techsmith.com
127.0.0.1 updater.techsmith.com
127.0.0.1 camtasiatudi.techsmith.com
127.0.0.1 tsccloud.cloudapp.net
127.0.0.1 assets.cloud.techsmith.com
# [Start of entries generated by MVPS HOSTS]
#
# [Misc A - Z]
0.0.0.0 fr.a2dfp.net
0.0.0.0 m.fr.a2dfp.net
0.0.0.0 mfr.a2dfp.net
0.0.0.0 ad.a8.net
0.0.0.0 asy.a8ww.net
0.0.0.0 static.a-ads.com
0.0.0.0 atlas.aamedia.ro
0.0.0.0 abcstats.com
0.0.0.0 ad4.abradio.cz
0.0.0.0 a.abv.bg
0.0.0.0 adserver.abv.bg
0.0.0.0 adv.abv.bg
0.0.0.0 bimg.abv.bg
0.0.0.0 ca.abv.bg
0.0.0.0 track.acclaimnetwork.com
0.0.0.0 accuserveadsystem.com
0.0.0.0 www.accuserveadsystem.com
0.0.0.0 achmedia.com
0.0.0.0 csh.actiondesk.com
0.0.0.0 ads.activepower.net
0.0.0.0 app.activetrail.com
0.0.0.0 stat.active24stats.nl #[Tracking.Cookie]
0.0.0.0 traffic.acwebconnecting.com
0.0.0.0 office.ad1.ru
0.0.0.0 cms.ad2click.nl
0.0.0.0 ad2games.com
0.0.0.0 ads.ad2games.com
0.0.0.0 content.ad20.net
0.0.0.0 core.ad20.net
0.0.0.0 banner.ad.nu
0.0.0.0 adadvisor.net
0.0.0.0 tag1.adaptiveads.com
0.0.0.0 www.adbanner.ro
0.0.0.0 wad.adbasket.net
0.0.0.0 ad.pop1.adbn.ru
0.0.0.0 ad.top1.adbn.ru
0.0.0.0 ad.rich1.adbn.ru
0.0.0.0 adbox.hu
0.0.0.0 james.adbutler.de #[Tracking.Cookie]
0.0.0.0 www.adbutler.de
0.0.0.0 tw1.adbutler.us
0.0.0.0 www.adchimp.com
0.0.0.0 static.adclick.lt
0.0.0.0 engine.adclick.lv
0.0.0.0 show.adclick.lv
0.0.0.0 static.adclick.lv
0.0.0.0 www.adclick.lv
0.0.0.0 ad-clix.com
0.0.0.0 www.ad-clix.com
0.0.0.0 servedby.adcombination.com
0.0.0.0 adcomplete.com
0.0.0.0 www.adcomplete.com
0.0.0.0 adcore.ru
0.0.0.0 pixel.adcrowd.com
0.0.0.0 ct1.addthis.com
0.0.0.0 static.uk.addynamo.com
0.0.0.0 www.adexit.com
0.0.0.0 s.adexpert.cz
0.0.0.0 static.adfclick1.com
0.0.0.0 222-33544_999.pub.adfirmative.com
0.0.0.0 c.adfirmative.com
0.0.0.0 www.adfirmative.com
0.0.0.0 adfocus.ru
0.0.0.0 adx.adform.net
0.0.0.0 dmp.adform.net
0.0.0.0 s1.adform.net
0.0.0.0 server.adform.net
0.0.0.0 track.adform.net
0.0.0.0 server.adformdsp.net
0.0.0.0 adforce.ru
0.0.0.0 adforati.com
0.0.0.0 ads.adfox.ru
0.0.0.0 gazeta.adfox.ru
0.0.0.0 p.adframesrc.com
0.0.0.0 s.adframesrc.com
0.0.0.0 media.adfrontiers.com
0.0.0.0 www.adgitize.com
0.0.0.0 code.ad-gbn.com
0.0.0.0 www.ad-groups.com #[Ban Man Pro Banner Code]
0.0.0.0 adhall.com
0.0.0.0 pool.adhese.be
0.0.0.0 adhitzads.com
0.0.0.0 ads.static.adhood.com
0.0.0.0 app.pubserver.adhood.com
0.0.0.0 app.winwords.adhood.com
0.0.0.0 ssl3.adhost.com
0.0.0.0 www2.adhost.com
0.0.0.0 adfarm1.adition.com
0.0.0.0 imagesrv.adition.com
0.0.0.0 ad.adition.net
0.0.0.0 hosting.adjug.com
0.0.0.0 tracking.adjug.com
0.0.0.0 aj.adjungle.com
0.0.0.0 rotator.hadj7.adjuggler.net
0.0.0.0 thewrap.rotator.hadj7.adjuggler.net
0.0.0.0 yorick.adjuggler.net
0.0.0.0 adsearch.adkontekst.pl
0.0.0.0 stat.adlabs.ru
0.0.0.0 d.tds.adlabs.ru
0.0.0.0 www.adlantis.jp
0.0.0.0 publicidad.adlead.com
0.0.0.0 www.adlimg03.com
0.0.0.0 regio.adlink.de
0.0.0.0 west.adlink.de
0.0.0.0 rc.de.adlink.net #[Tracking.Cookie]
0.0.0.0 tr.de.adlink.net
0.0.0.0 n.admagnet.net
0.0.0.0 ads3.adman.gr #[Tracking.Cookie]
0.0.0.0 gazzetta.adman.gr
0.0.0.0 r2d2.adman.gr
0.0.0.0 talos.adman.gr
0.0.0.0 adman.in.gr
0.0.0.0 admarket.cz
0.0.0.0 www.admarket.cz
0.0.0.0 bridge.ame.admarketplace.net #[Spamdexing]
0.0.0.0 bridge.sf.admarketplace.net
0.0.0.0 a1.admaster.net
0.0.0.0 img.admaster.net
0.0.0.0 admedien.com
0.0.0.0 www.admedien.com
0.0.0.0 apps.admission.net #[Spotlight Ads]
0.0.0.0 appcache.admission.net
0.0.0.0 dt.admission.net
0.0.0.0 view.admission.net
0.0.0.0 ad.admitad.com
0.0.0.0 cdn.admitad.com
0.0.0.0 www.ad.admitad.com
0.0.0.0 cdn.admixer.net
0.0.0.0 ads.admodus.com #[Tracking.Cookie]
0.0.0.0 run.admost.com
0.0.0.0 assets3.admulti.com
0.0.0.0 go.admulti.com
0.0.0.0 s.admulti.com
0.0.0.0 ads.adnet.am
0.0.0.0 ad.adnet.biz #[Tracking.Cookie]
0.0.0.0 adnet.com.ua
0.0.0.0 delivery.adnetwork.vn
0.0.0.0 img.adnet.com.tr
0.0.0.0 www.ad-net.co.uk
0.0.0.0 adnext.fr
0.0.0.0 cdn.adnotch.com
0.0.0.0 ad.adnow.com
0.0.0.0 tt11.adobe.com #[adobe.tcliveus.com]
0.0.0.0 ace.adoftheyear.com
0.0.0.0 ad01.adonspot.com
0.0.0.0 ad02.adonspot.com
0.0.0.0 adperium.com
0.0.0.0 adk2.adperium.com
0.0.0.0 www.adperium.com
0.0.0.0 img.adplan-ds.com
0.0.0.0 res.adplus.co.id
0.0.0.0 e.adpower.bg
0.0.0.0 ab.adpro.com.ua
0.0.0.0 adpublimo.com
0.0.0.0 pop.adrent.net
0.0.0.0 adroll.com
0.0.0.0 rtt.adrolays.de
0.0.0.0 n.ads1-adnow.com
0.0.0.0 n.ads2-adnow.com
0.0.0.0 n.ads3-adnow.com
0.0.0.0 vu.adschoom.com
0.0.0.0 core1.adservingfactory.com
0.0.0.0 content.adservingfactory.com
0.0.0.0 track.adservingfactory.com
0.0.0.0 p78878.adskape.ru
0.0.0.0 map2.adsniper.ru
0.0.0.0 f-nod2.adsniper.ru
0.0.0.0 content.adspynet.com
0.0.0.0 engine.adspynet.com
0.0.0.0 ads.adsready.com
0.0.0.0 ads.adsurve.com
0.0.0.0 www.adsurve.com
0.0.0.0 cntr.adrime.com
0.0.0.0 images.adrime.com #[Adsolutions]
0.0.0.0 ad.adriver.ru
0.0.0.0 content.adriver.ru
0.0.0.0 ssp.adriver.ru
0.0.0.0 r.adrolays.de
0.0.0.0 adrotate.se
0.0.0.0 www.adrotate.net
0.0.0.0 delivery.ads-creativesyndicator.com
0.0.0.0 adsafiliados.com.br
0.0.0.0 ad.adsafiliados.com.br
0.0.0.0 v2.adsbookie.com
0.0.0.0 rh.adscale.de
0.0.0.0 assets.adtaily.com
0.0.0.0 viewster-service.adtelligence.de
0.0.0.0 adtgs.com
0.0.0.0 fusion.adtoma.com
0.0.0.0 core.adunity.com
0.0.0.0 engage2.advanstar.com
0.0.0.0 ddnk.advertur.ru
0.0.0.0 ds.advg.jp
0.0.0.0 m.adx.bg
0.0.0.0 www.adshost2.com
0.0.0.0 js.adscale.de
0.0.0.0 ih.adscale.de
0.0.0.0 adscendmedia.com
0.0.0.0 adservicedomain.info
0.0.0.0 adserver-voice-online.co.uk
0.0.0.0 adsfac.net #[Facilitate Tracking Code]
0.0.0.0 adsgangsta.com
0.0.0.0 adsfac.eu
0.0.0.0 ad.ad-srv.net
0.0.0.0 www.adshot.de
0.0.0.0 f-nod1.adsniper.ru
0.0.0.0 sync2.adsniper.ru
0.0.0.0 cdn6.adspirit.de
0.0.0.0 www.adspace.be
0.0.0.0 adsplius.lt
0.0.0.0 ads.adsponse.de
0.0.0.0 openx.adtext.ro
0.0.0.0 ads.adtiger.de
0.0.0.0 www.adtiger.de
0.0.0.0 ad.adtoma.com
0.0.0.0 au-01.adtomafusion.com
0.0.0.0 bn-01.adtomafusion.com
0.0.0.0 adv.adtotal.pl #[server down?]
0.0.0.0 rek.adtotal.pl
0.0.0.0 www.adtrade.net
0.0.0.0 www.adtrader.com
0.0.0.0 adtradr.com
0.0.0.0 ads.adtube.de
0.0.0.0 www.adultcommercial.net
0.0.0.0 adultmoneymakers.com
0.0.0.0 tracking.adultsense.com
0.0.0.0 www.adult-tracker.de
0.0.0.0 ad.aduserver.com
0.0.0.0 adv758968.ru
0.0.0.0 advaction.ru
0.0.0.0 euroad1.advantage.as
0.0.0.0 mf.advantage.as
0.0.0.0 mfad1.advantage.as
0.0.0.0 adve.net
0.0.0.0 ad.adver.com.tw
0.0.0.0 apps.advertlets.com
0.0.0.0 www.advertlets.com
0.0.0.0 ads.advertise.net
0.0.0.0 www.advertsponsor.com
0.0.0.0 ad.adverticum.net
0.0.0.0 img.adverticum.net
0.0.0.0 imgs.adverticum.net
0.0.0.0 www.advertising365.com
0.0.0.0 titan.advertserve.com
0.0.0.0 ad.advertstream.com
0.0.0.0 usas1.advfn.com
0.0.0.0 images.adviews.de
0.0.0.0 www.adviews.de
0.0.0.0 ad.adview.pl
0.0.0.0 adp.adview.pl
0.0.0.0 bi.adview.pl
0.0.0.0 chart.advinion.com
0.0.0.0 advizi.ru
0.0.0.0 adv.adwish.net
0.0.0.0 ads.adwitserver.com
0.0.0.0 ad.adworx.at
0.0.0.0 www.ad-z.de
0.0.0.0 ads.afa.net
0.0.0.0 affbeat.com
0.0.0.0 affiliate.affdirect.com
0.0.0.0 sttc.affiliate.hu
0.0.0.0 tr.affiliate.hu
0.0.0.0 img.network.affiliando.com
0.0.0.0 view.network.affiliando.com
0.0.0.0 ads.affiliateclub.com
0.0.0.0 affiliategroove.com
0.0.0.0 banners.affiliatefuture.com
0.0.0.0 images.affiliator.com
0.0.0.0 imp.affiliator.com
0.0.0.0 rotation.affiliator.com
0.0.0.0 media.affiliatelounge.com
0.0.0.0 js.affiliatelounge.com
0.0.0.0 record.affiliatelounge.com
0.0.0.0 web1.affiliatelounge.com
0.0.0.0 banners.affilimatch.de
0.0.0.0 ad.afilo.pl
0.0.0.0 adserwer.afilo.pl
0.0.0.0 ads.afraccess.com
0.0.0.0 ads.aftonbladet.se
0.0.0.0 stats.agent.co.il
0.0.0.0 stats.agentinteractive.com
0.0.0.0 w.ahalogy.com
0.0.0.0 ac.ajur.info #[WebBug]
0.0.0.0 openx.ajur.info
0.0.0.0 adlik2.akavita.com
0.0.0.0 dmtracking2.alibaba.com
0.0.0.0 all2lnk.com
0.0.0.0 ads.allaccess.com.ph
0.0.0.0 adcontent2.allaccess.com.ph
0.0.0.0 adservice.aliexpress.com
0.0.0.0 ad.allstar.cz
0.0.0.0 taobaoafp.allyes.cn
0.0.0.0 bokee.allyes.com
0.0.0.0 demoafp.allyes.com
0.0.0.0 eastmoney.allyes.com
0.0.0.0 smarttrade.allyes.com
0.0.0.0 sroomafp.allyes.com
0.0.0.0 taobaoafp.allyes.com
0.0.0.0 tom.allyes.com
0.0.0.0 uuseeafp.allyes.com
0.0.0.0 yeskyafp.allyes.com
0.0.0.0 eas.almamedia.fi
0.0.0.0 ad.altervista.org
0.0.0.0 pqwaker.altervista.org
0.0.0.0 adimg.alice.it
0.0.0.0 adv.alice.it
0.0.0.0 advloc.alice.it
0.0.0.0 altmedia101.com
0.0.0.0 www.alwayson-network.com
0.0.0.0 adtools2.amakings.com
0.0.0.0 banner.amateri.cz
0.0.0.0 amazing-offers.co.il
0.0.0.0 ad.amgdgt.com
0.0.0.0 adserver.amna.gr
0.0.0.0 10394-127.ampxchange.com #[Spamdexing]
0.0.0.0 10394-4254.ampxchange.com
0.0.0.0 10394-2468.ampxchange.com
0.0.0.0 vfdeprod.amobee.com
0.0.0.0 widgets.amung.us
0.0.0.0 whos.amung.us #[WebBug]
0.0.0.0 analytics.analytics-egain.com
0.0.0.0 cloud-us.analytics-egain.com
0.0.0.0 gw.anametrix.net #[WebBug]
0.0.0.0 www.anastasiasaffiliate.com
0.0.0.0 advert.ananzi.co.za
0.0.0.0 advert2.ananzi.co.za
0.0.0.0 box.anchorfree.net
0.0.0.0 rpt.anchorfree.net
0.0.0.0 a.androidandme.com
0.0.0.0 analytics.androidandme.com #[Piwik.Analytics]
0.0.0.0 www.anticlown.com
0.0.0.0 antventure.com
0.0.0.0 webtracker.apicasystem.com
0.0.0.0 junior.apk.net
0.0.0.0 openx.apollo.lv
0.0.0.0 ads.asia1.com.sg
0.0.0.0 ads.ask.com #[sv-click.looksmart.com]
0.0.0.0 www.asknew.com #[Spamdexing]
0.0.0.0 stats.asp24.pl
0.0.0.0 ads.aspalliance.com
0.0.0.0 www.astalavista.us
0.0.0.0 atemda.com
0.0.0.0 logw349.ati-host.net
0.0.0.0 rules.atgsvcs.com
0.0.0.0 logw312.ati-host.net
0.0.0.0 p.ato.mx
0.0.0.0 s.ato.mx
0.0.0.0 ads.auctionads.com
0.0.0.0 banners.audioholics.com
0.0.0.0 ad.auditude.com
0.0.0.0 ads.auctioncity.co.nz
0.0.0.0 d.audienceiq.com
0.0.0.0 ads.autoscout24.com
0.0.0.0 ads.autotrader.com
0.0.0.0 adserving.autotrader.com
0.0.0.0 profiling.avandor.com
0.0.0.0 avantlink.com
0.0.0.0 www.avantlink.com
0.0.0.0 fhg.avrevenue.com #[server down?]
0.0.0.0 rev.avsforum.com
0.0.0.0 ads.avusa.co.za
0.0.0.0 engine.awaps.net
0.0.0.0 analytics.aweber.com
0.0.0.0 clicks.aweber.com #[affects newsletters]
0.0.0.0 tracker.azet.sk
0.0.0.0 www.azmsoft.com